Other theorists such as Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen provide the idea of the gaze as a relationship between offering and demanding gaze: indirect gaze is an offer by the spectator, where we initiate the gaze, and the subject is not aware of this, and direct gaze is a demand by the subject, who looks at us, demanding our gaze. Other forms include the gaze of an audience within a "text within the text", such as Lisa Simpson and Bart Simpson watching the cartoon-within-a-cartoon Itchy and Scratchy on The Simpsons, or editorial gaze, whereby a certain aspect of the text is given emphasis, such as in photography, where a caption or a cropping of an image depicting one thing can emphasize a completely different idea. the camera's gaze, which is the gaze of the camera, and is often equated to the director's gaze.extra-diegetic gaze, where the person depicted in the text looks at the spectator, such as an aside, or an acknowledgement of the fourth wall, or.intra- diegetic gaze, where one person depicted in the text who is looking at another person or object in the text, such as another character looking at another,.This is often us, the audience of a certain text, the spectator's gaze: the spectator who is viewing the text.The gaze can be characterised by who is doing the looking: Iconic images that represent the gaze is Kiki de Montparnasse staring close-up in the camera in Ballet Mécanique (1924) Un Regard oblique (1948) by Robert Doisneau ( ) and Sophia Loren eyeing Jayne Mansfield's décolleté( ) Outside of visual culture, the concept of the gaze is connected to voyeurism. A key text regarding the male gaze is Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1975) by Laura Mulvey. This concept is extended in the framework of feminist theory, where it can deal with how men look at women, how women look at themselves and other women, and the effects surrounding this. The concept of the gaze became popular with the rise of postmodern philosophy and social theory and was first discussed by 1960s French intellectuals, namely Michel Foucault's description of the medical gaze and Lacan's analysis of the gaze's role in the mirror stage development of the human psyche. The concept of gaze (often also called the gaze or, in French, le regard), in analysing visual culture, is one that deals with how an audience views the people presented.
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